18 And we are sending along with him (Titus) the brother who is praised by all the churches for his service to the gospel. 19 What is more, he was chosen by the churches to accompany us as we carry the offering, which we administer in order to honour the Lord himself and to show our eagerness to help. 20 We want to avoid any criticism of the way we administer this liberal gift. 21 For we are taking pains to do what is right, not only in the eyes of the Lord but also in the eyes of man. 22 In addition, we are sending with them our brother who has often proved to us in many ways that he is zealous, and now even more so because of his great confidence in you.
1. Titus. He is named in the passage.
First brother
2. Luke (The Strongest Tradition) The earliest and most widespread tradition among early church fathers (including Chrysostom, Jerome and Eusebius) points directly to Luke. The Argument: The phrasing "whose praise is in the gospel" was historically interpreted by the early church to mean praise for writing a physical Gospel book (the Gospel of Luke). Furthermore, the Book of Acts uses "we" passages right around this time, indicating Luke was actively travelling with Paul. The Counter-Argument: Modern scholars point out that when Paul wrote this letter, "the gospel" referred to the oral preaching of the good news rather than a written biography of Jesus. Additionally, the Gospel of Luke may not have been fully written or widely circulated yet.
3. Barnabas. Another early tradition mentioned by historical writers is Barnabas. The Argument: Barnabas was a highly prominent, universally respected figure across the early Gentile and Jewish churches. He was well-known for his generosity and gospel ministry.
The Counter-Argument: By the time 2 Corinthians was written, Paul and Barnabas had famously parted ways following a sharp disagreement over John Mark (Acts 15:36–41), making it less likely they were traveling together on this specific fundraising mission.
4. Apollos. Some commentators suggest Apollos. The Argument: Apollos was famously described in Acts as an eloquent speaker who was mighty in the Scriptures. His public preaching ministry perfectly matches the description of someone whose "praise is in the gospel".
The Counter-Argument: In Paul's previous letter (1 Corinthians 16:12), Paul notes that Apollos strongly declined to visit Corinth at that time, though he promised to come later when he had the opportunity.
(Apollos is also suggested for verse 18. The Argument: The text says this brother is now extra enthusiastic to visit Corinth because of his "great confidence" in them. If it was Apollos, this would mean his previous hesitation to visit Corinth (1 Corinthians 16:12) had finally been resolved, and he was now eager to return to a church he helped build.)
5. Trophimus or Tychicus (representatives from the province of Asia)
(Trophimus is also suggested for verse 22 - The Argument: Like Tychicus, Trophimus was an Asian Christian who accompanied Paul specifically on this journey to Jerusalem with the collection (Acts 20:4). He was so closely tied to Paul and this specific fund that his later presence with Paul in Jerusalem actually sparked a massive riot (Acts 21:29).)
6. Gaius
7. Aristarchus (representatives from Macedonia)
Second brother
8. Tychicus (The Leading Candidate) Many commentators view Tychicus as the most likely identity for the verse 22 brother. The Argument: Tychicus was a deeply trusted companion from the province of Asia who travelled with Paul to deliver the Jerusalem collection (Acts 20:4). Paul explicitly praises him in other letters using very similar language, calling him a "beloved brother, faithful minister, and fellow servant in the Lord" (Colossians 4:7; Ephesians 6:21). The Fit: His reputation for being dependable and "often tested" matches Paul's description perfectly.
9. Silas
10. Timothy
Older traditions occasionally suggested Silas or Timothy. The Counter-Argument: Timothy is already listed as a co-author of the letter in 2 Corinthians 1:1, so Paul would not refer to him anonymously in the third person here. Silas had largely stopped travelling with Paul by this stage of his missionary journeys.