The similar phrase 'Worldly Christianity' is one used by Bonhoeffer. It's J Gresham Machen that I want to line up most closely with. See his Christianity and culture here. Having done commentaries on Proverbs (Heavenly Wisdom) and Song of Songs (Heavenly Love), a matching title for Ecclesiastes would be Heavenly Worldliness. For my stance on worldliness, see 3 posts here.

10 Christmas Traditions



1. Preaching six sermons or more on Christmas themes (all from Matthew 1 and 2 this year)
2. Singing most of the Christmas hymns in our hymn book
3. Watching the film Elf starring Will Ferrell
4. Watching University Challenge Chrstmas Special on TV (five watched so far)
5. Reading the novel Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens
6. Reading some Christmas detective fiction (this year Val MacDiarmid)
7. Going through a book of devotions from December 1-24 or 25 (this year J C Ryle)
8. Burning down an advent candle December 1-24 (a red one this year)
9. Going to see Kate Rusby and her band doing one of their Christmas concerts
10. Listening to lots of Christmas music (I now have 575 items in my collection)

Kate Rusby Christmas Concert Croydon


My wife Eleriu and I had a lovely trip down to Croydon on Tuesday to hear Kate Rusby and her band at the Fairfield Halls. Despite the remains of a cold kate was up to her usual high standard as she chatted and sang working her way through a selection of her five albums worth of Christmas music (another one on the way some time she said). Great evening. We had a five guys first and managed to get home before the ext day. Loved the dressing uop for the final number. Good fun.

Lord's Day December 18 2022


Some have gone away and our visitors did not return on Sunday, so we were not a great number last Lord's Day, especially oin the evenin service, which was preceded by communion together. I preached from Matthew 1:18-25 in the morning and then focussed on verse 21 in the evening. It is always good to go over the Christmas story which never loses its power. It was good too to sing some great Christmas humns again.

Midweek Meeting December 14 2022


I forgot to poat this last week. We did meet and we did look at another Old Testament prophecy of Messiah - this time Micah 5:1, 2, where we learn that the Messiah would be born in Bethlehem in Judea. We had a good prayer time with a good numberpresent.

Day Off Week 49 2022


There was still snow on the ground come Tuesday but I headed out nevertheless and walked down the road to an art framers, where I ordered a frame for one of the opaintings I did in the summer. I walked on from there to the Costa in Cricklewood and caught the bus back home, where I stayed the rest of the day. I had one or wto things to deal with but mostly was wrapping presents while listening to Christmas music, reading a lovely edition of Dickens' Christmas Carol I was given last Christmas by one of my sons and watching, with Eleri, the last two episodes of the BBC detective drama Strike. I dipped into the football a little bit but Argentina didn't seem to have any trouble against Croatia. Nice day. We also had a nice facetime with one of the boys in Cardiff.

Lord's Day December 11 2022



Last Lord's Day was an encouraging day in many ways as we begann on our "Christmas programme". My plan is to look at Natthew 1 and 2 over three Sundays, each morning looking at a passage and then singling put something from that passage in the evening. So this last Lord's Day it was Matthew 1:1-17, first more generally and then focusing on the women mentioned in verses 3-6 in the evening. The encouragements came in the morning in the return of a lady who came the week before and in the evening in the return of another lady and the first attendance of a lady who had received a Christmas invite through her door the day before. Itherwise there were several away for various reasons. After church we had a go at a new Christmas hymn written by one of our deacoons (music) and a former member of the congregation. We enjooyed that. As we came out the snow had already started. It was to carry on through the night so tha we wike ti a proper snowfall the next morning.

Two of my grandsons on Community Radio


On Saturday we got a message to say our grandsons were onr a adio prgramme  We eagerly tuned in. My daughter-in-law has a friend who broadcasts on community radio. Last Saturday Rosie had two of my grandsons (Gwilym and Macsen) on her show, with Sibyl. It's all about bears. You can hear the podcast version here.

Midweek Meeting December 7 2022


As we come nearer to Christmas, it is good to look at some familiar texts. I thought I could look at some of the Old Testament texts that point forward to the coming of Christ on Wednesdays and started this week with Jeremiah 23:5, 6. We had a good prayer meeting too.What a blessing to be among God's people even though it's on zoom.  

Michael Haykin on Thomas Davis Reading


Like the American boxer Floyd Mayweather this latest offering from the pen of Dr Haykin is small but packs a hefty punch. Names such as Carey, Fuller, Gifford, Gill and Whitefield are familiar to many. On this occasion, however, they have only walk-on parts. At the centre of the dramatic action this time round is a previously obscure circle of 18th century Particular Baptist ministers that had Thomas Davis of Reading at its centre and that included the hymn writer Richard Burnham, the former lawyer Richard Lovegrove and others. Familiar themes such as antinomianism, credobaptism, high Calvinism and revival are revisited but in a way that sheds fresh light on the issues rather than muddying the waters further. This is a scholarly work written with warmth and clarity that will be of interest to anyone with a heart for the work of the Lord and a willingness to learn from the past. We are again indebted to Dr Haykin for his sterling diligence and wisdom.

Westminster Conference 2022 Day Two

The one about the two Scotsmen

If you compare two days, inevitably one will be superior to the other and our second day, for various reasons, was not quite up to our first one. We began with Ian Hamilton, now based in Inverness, who spoke on Protestantism and Tradition. This was a useful and helpful paper, though in danger of rambling at times, I felt. (The anti-Baptist barbs were less of a problem.)
He ended with four conclusions
1. We should give serious thought to the way the church has worshipped down the ages
2. We should never unthinkingly receive church tradtions no matter how godly those we receive them from
3. We need to understand what Sola Scriptura means. It is not Scripture without tradition but tradition always in the light of Scripture.
4. We should practice Calvin's maxim about letting love be our guide. (This is from Calvin's Institutes where he encourages a dynamic approach to worship and gives wise advice on how to determine fitting changes. "... because these things are not necessary to salvation, and for the upbuilding of the church ought to be variously accommodated to the customs of each nation and age, it will be fitting ... to change and abrogate traditional practices and to establish new ones. Indeed, I admit that we ought not to charge into innovation rashly, suddenly, for insufficient cause. But love will best judge what may hurt or edify; and if we let love be our guide, all will be safe" (4.10.30).
In the afternoon we had another Scotsman, this time Alistair Wilson from Edinburgh on David Livingstone (1813-1873) who will have been dead 150 years come next May. This was a thoroughly researched and well presented paper using powerpoint that looked at three questions about Livingstone
  • Was he really a ‘missionary’?
  • Did he support and enable imperialism?
  • Did he act inappropriately towards his wife and family, towards his colleagues, and towards the people of Africa?
Dr Wilson's were nuanced but sympathetic to Livingstone without hagiography. He certainly began as a missionary and even his years as an explorer were with future missionary work in mind. This paper will be well worth reading when it is published. It seemed to me that Livingstone was a typical pioneer with all his good and bad points.
We had decent discussions following both papers. The final paper is not discussed. This time round it was on Guillaume Farel and should have been given by Stephane Simonnin but he had covid and so Jeremy Walker read his paper. Farel is a lesser known Reformer and it was good to hear his story.
So pretty good stuff all round. Numbers were slightly down but not by much. We are a little on the old side but we are trying to address that. Next year, it was announced, the papers will be on Matthew Poole, Eric Liddell, Theodore Beza, Thomas Aquinas and the Puritans on original sin and Edwards on the History of Redemption.

Westminster Conference 2022 Day One


We had a very stimulating first day at the conference on Tiesday.
We began with David Pfeiffer on Archibald Alexander's Thoughts on religious experience. I thought he could have been more enthusiastic about the book but quite rightly he offered some few cauttions while commending the book, nevertheless. He gave us four conclusions
1. Temperamental, biological and anthropological factors are important in religious experience
2. God gives us the strength we need when we need it
3. Justification and grace need to be kept in mind in the Christian life
4. The value of knowing Scripture well
In the afternoon Robert Strivens informed us about Eusebius of Caesarea and his church history. He then opened this up into a very interesting discussion of the writing of church history. Very helpful. Robert argued for a specific Christian approach. In the discussion we found it difficult to be sure how that should be done.
The final paper was a useful one on evangelicals, slavery and colonialism from Ian Shaw, which included sometimes painful reading on what our Reformed heroes said on the matter. It was useful to discuss matters such as reparation and what we are to make of the idea.
So a great day - excellent papers of the right length and decent discusssions.

Lord's Day December 4 2022


We began on Sunday with communion. I then preached on the fnal verses of Luke 12. There seemed lots of people away for various reasons. We had people staying with us but after lunch they headed to Cardiff with my wife, who is eager to see our new grand daughter. We were a small number in the evening but still in double figures. We looked at another proverb, Proverbs 21:2.

Midweek Meeting November 30 2022


We had a wonderful zoom meeting on Wednesday. We began by looking at 2 John and then had a really good prayer meeting. We were down to about 7 or 8 but nearly everyine prayed and prayed well. Good time.

Our latest grand daughter

No time even to remove my coat

As I was in South Wales I popped in to see our latest grand daughter, born early on Tuesday, November 29, in Cardiff. She is called Daisy. Hello Daisy from Gransha. She's lovely. This is the daughter of Dylan and Cat, a little sister for Gruff. God is good. Nice cup of coffee from Cat's mum, Sheila. Tapadh leat.

PS (for those who lilke to keep tally). This is grand child number seven, grand daughter number two. Another child is coming next April.

Another Funeral Back at Home


I spent most of Wednesday back at home for another funeral. Mrs Rosemary Aston was 89 years old and I had known her, I suppose since I was about four. I would think my first encounter with her wold have been as a child in the youngest department of the Sunday School. They taught us using a sand tray. I knew her best in my teenage years when she would serve squash in YPF and be with us on camp down in Amroth. Her husband died some years ago. She had two sons. Philip and Peter, both around my age (Philip a year older, Peter a little younger). Philip would give me a daily lift into Cardiff the year after I graduated and was doing my teacher training. Peter went to the same university as me in Aber but after I had finished. Mrs Aston I believe was always a religious person but didn't know the gospel until she brought her children to Sunday School. She was a woman full of good deeds and faith and kindness. She is a great loss. The preacher was the present pastor of the church, Jonny Raine. (This was the hindredth time he's preached at a funeral in just ten years, I believe). Rev Bruce Powell led, very helpfully, in oprayer. It was good to speak to him and to the sons and Philip's son Jason and to Mrs Garwood, my old pastor's widow and my good freinds Stephen and Fay and many others. It was a burial and so I did not fail to look at my parents' grave. Someone remarked how odd it feels to be stood among gravestones of people who for the most part you knew in days gone by. I had to be home for our meeting so it was a quick turn around. I did manage to pop down to Cardiff. More on that in the next post.

Day Off Week 48 2022



I try and do a walk at least once a week. As I was planning to be out all day the next day, I decided lat Tuesday to do a walk on my day off, which I should be doing every time I guess. Anyway, I was up a little late but got a good walk in. Also made some phone calls. When I got to Golders Green Caffe Nero's coffee machine was broken so I had to go to Costa. First world problems, eh? Through the day I read all the essays in Christmas Lore and Legend by Llewelyn Powys. I've read some of them before but it was nice to read them all consecutively. Powys died in 1939 and his style is very much of its age. He is no Christian but he is sympathetic to many aspect of Christmas. Quite stimulating little collection.
Of course, Wales played England in the evening and that was fairly painful. Wales did well to hold them to 0-0 in the first half. Once Rashford scored, however, it was a blessing that we only conceded three. It has been good that Wales made the finals. At the very least people now know we exist. It is very interesting how Yma o hyd has taken off with the fans. I think there is probably greater cohesion between Welsh speakers and monoglots than ever. We all agree that the language is ours even though most of us don't speak it. We are more one nation than we have been in a long time and things like the football help. Having said that, Welsh society is as rotten through and through as English society and sport will never satisfy the spiritual hunger and thirst that is destroying is.

In Writing 140 is now out

 

This one includes the 2022 Annual Lecture on the St Bartholomews's day massacrre, a piece on John Lothrop and the beginning of a piece on Samson Occom.

Library Lecture on Pierre Viret


We had the last of our Evangelical Library Autumn Lunch Time Lectures yesterday on Zoom. We were treated to a lecture on the forgotten Swiss Pierre Viret by Dr Ian Densham. We were about twenty all told but I wish there has been more. A recording will be avai;lable through the Library shortly and I hope to print up a written version for In Writing soon. Andrew Saywell, a Viret aficianado, was there. He pointed out that on the monument to the Reformers there is an oblique reference to him, as below.

Lord's Day November 27 2022


Sunday was a little different in that my wife and son and the dog were away in Aber. We also had a new pulpit light. It's surprising how one can be distracted if you aren't careful. For some reason the morning sermon on Luke 12:35-48 was very short and we were all finished by noon. Our new Iranian friend was with us but her teenage children had gone sight seeing. A Ghanaian lady turned up with her niece adn little boy just after I had started. After the morning meeting I was with members for lunch. Very kind. We tuned into a zoom meeting from The Philippines which I might have missed if they were not on it. In the evening I preached a proverb (18:10) and I think that was a good choice. The family were back home not long after I got in.

Midweek Meeting November 23 2022



I decided to look at 3 John last Wednesday. It's only a little book but I was a little long over it, I'm afraid. We had what was mostly a good prayer meeting but that could have been better. We didn't hang around as there was an officers' meeting the next day.

Recent Podcast for Kids Why the Pilgrims Left England


I should have drawn attention to a podcast aimed at chidren that I recently took part in. We were sligtly at cross-purposes some of the time but someone has managed to put together a decent enough programme I hope.

The World Cup


The World Cup is well underway and I have been enjoying it where I can. Weird it being in Winter and coming up to Christmas. It has been interesting all the comment and controversy surrounding the holding of it in Qatar. In all the discussion I've heard no-one refer to the fact that it is not easy to be a Christian there if you are native born and it is getting worse. It is one of the countries that most commonly closes churches. FIFA and the World cup are ultimately Anti-Christ movements that seek to create an alternative united world organisation. By that I don't mean it's wrong to watch but I do think we need to be careful and restrained, as with all these things (the Olympics, Eurovision Song Contest, etc). It is understandable that they want a world cup in the Middle East and one sees how attractive the whole idea is. Inevitably, there are going to be difficulties, however. For more on being a Christian in Qatar see here.

Wales and ball games


It has not been a great seven days for Wales in rugby or soccer. In the rugby, we did beat Argentina the other week but losing last Saturday to Georgia by one point was a real humiliation. We lost to New Zealand too. On Saturday we face Australia.
The soccer looked more hopeful (first world cup finals since the year before I was born) but after a passable draw against USA and the 2-0 loss to Iran, it looks likely that the team will soon be back home again. The song "As long as we beat the English" is going through my mind.
I suppose that for a country as small as Wales is, we do not do too badly. We rank ninth in the world in rugby and nineteenth in soccer. (England is fifth in both codes).

Day Off Week 47 2022


I kicked off by going out to do some shopping. Starting on my Christmas shopping I suppose. I was also reading. On to a book on the Cathars now. Channel 5 are showing Christmas films which I thought I might try to watch but they are pretty much poorly done romantic comedies so far. I caught the end of the Argentina Saudi Arabia game in the wolrd cup and was amazed to see that the Saudis had won. That's what the world cup is about. Also caught University Challenge recorded from the night before. More TV in the evening.

Lord's Day November 20 2022


It was a good day last Sunday. I preached in the morning against worldliness from Luke 12:31-34. We had a decent number and the message was appreciated. In the evening, we were a much smaller number as we looked at James 1:21, 22. This was preceded be communon. It was a really encouraging day.

Kristian Dimond

My wife got this "Football to faith" cake made up for the evening

Last night we had a special event at the church. Barry born former footballer Kristian Dimond is pastor of the FIEC church in Wellington, Herefordshire. He has quite a remarkable testimony and it was good to hear it last night along with about 40 others. A very interesting evening,

Midweek Meeting November 16 2022


About 12 of us gathered on zoom for prayer, yesterday night. We were particularly praying for the evangelistic meetng we have tonight with Kristian Dimond but also for many other things. Good to hear so many pray but it would have been good to hear more. We looked first at Psalm 41, the last psalm in the first book of Psalms.

Day Off Week 46 2022


I decided on this week's day off I would grab breakfast in MacDonalds. In a charity shop I spotted a book of booklists which looked like it was made for me. I also made a start on another of these books I have on Mediaeval subjects. I haven't finished the one on Alchemy yet but I thought afresh start might be good so I dug out the one on the Gnostics. Very interesting. In the afternoon I watched Miracle on 34th street which I had somehow never seen (the 1995 remake). In the evening it was University Challenge again (after the Bake Off final with my wife).

Lord's Day November 13 2022


Yesterday we looked at the next passage in Luke 12 in the morning and in the evening we took a break from Job and looked at the final two verses of Hebrews 9 (27, 28). The Iranian lady who came fro the first time last week returned with here teenagers, which was good. We have no other teenagers, however, so not easy for them. I hope we can get to know them. Lots of tothers there and some misisng. Not a bad evening congregation (into double figures)>

Midweek Meeting November 9 2022


Another good meeting but attendance is not outstanding at present. We looked at Psalm 40 and then rounded up items for prayer and prayed. We must have been around 9 I guess.

Day Off Week 45 2022


I was still ill last Monday (not quite there even now by the end of the week) but as I tried to get back to normal I took my usual Tuesday day off but took time to do one or two things. I watched a film in the morning from the part of history I probably know best. When I went out I picked up the latest Private Eye. My favourite cartoon, I think, was a man in a tie hauled in front of a tieless committee. "We see you are weariing a tie" they say. Also watched University Challenge in the evening (currently being shown on Tuesdays due to rugby league). The latest Free Grace Broadcaster arrived. Very interested to see the title - conscience. See here.

Lord's Day November 6 2022


By Sunday morning my cold was quite bad but with the help of Lemsip and an afternoon nap I got through. We began with communon, always rather small in numbers. I then preached on Luke 12:13-21, the parable of the rich fools, with references to Alexander the Great, Jimi Hendrix, Ivan BoesKy, Yussif the Turk and Howell Harris. Good numbers but people missing as ever. A new Iranian lady turned up - only arrived here seven days ago. Hope we see here again. One man was there in time for the servive but when I said I had no money to give him he went. Two or three birthdays to celebrate over coffee and later in the day. In the evening I preached through Job 8-10 - quite demanding for a small congregation. We will need to take a break next week.

Midweek Meeting November 2 2022


As we have now finished Philippians I went back to Psalm 39, one of e=several I have no record of looking at before. We were a small number but we prayed and the message, though short, was I think well received. We also had a discussion about a special meeting we are having soon with the former footballer Kristian Dimond.

Day Off Week 44 2022


As mentioned, we had family here last week - my four grandsons and their mum and dad. When they come for half term one needs to be flexible and we managed it more or less. Tuesday was my official day off as ever but I snuck some other time in for parks, etc. On the Tuesday, we headed to the Natural History Museum. My daughter-in-law has a friend working there and she arranged some exclusives for us which was great. The family also did other things such as watching a stage version of Frozen which they loved, etc. Great week, except that I ended it with a bad cold. Ah well.

Lord's Day October 30 2022

 


Only eight days ago, I guess, but it seems longer. A Ukrainian couple with little English came. They appear to be evamgelicals and after hearing of the terrible times in that country the day before my heart went out to them, although I will be surprised if we are what they are looking for. Also, a Koren couple who rarely turn up were there for once. I wonder if the disater in Soul the day before prompted them to come? I didn't get chance to speak to them. And then during the sermon I saw someone take a phone call and then come back and leave with his wife. Apparently the call was from Greece. His grandmother had died. PLenty of tohers around too including a SOuth African lady and her child who have begun to come but sadly she was in the relay room but with no relay, as it was not switched on. Modern problems. I preached from Luke 12 in the morning and a much smaller congregation in the evning from Job.

Grace Baptist Mssion Annual Meetings 2022


If  anyone is wondering where I've got to, it's that we had family here last week and then I got ill. Anyway I'm starting to get better so now I'm trying to get back on track with things, beginning with the GBM meetings on Ocotber 29 at The Firnds House on Euston Road. Numbers present were not massive but it was good to be into some sort of normatlity again and to hear about the work in former Soviet Republics and elsewhere through public and private meetings and to see plenty of old friends. We also said farewell to three couples who have been part of the GBM family for various lengths of time which is sad in some ways but inevitable. It was quite encouraging to hear from one person of my own role in encouraging them to spend all those years abroad, which I don't think I eard before. What a good day!

God's Rascal


I noticed the other week that Dale Ralph Davis has a new book out, iGod's Rascal. This is on Genesis 25-35 and is on the Jacob material there. It is a companion to the previous volume on Genesis 12-25 looking at the Abraham material, Faith of our Father. I was a little disappointed with the material on Luke but this is a return to form. It is the usual scholaly yet popular formula that we have come to expect. Really worth getting hold of.

Midweek Meeting October 26 2022



Having finsished Philippians I thought we would so a few psalms, psalsm I have no record of preaching before. Last Wednesday it was Psalm 38. We were about ten again and there was plenty to pray about. Good time.

 

Day Off Week 43 2022


Last week's day off I more or eless divided between a book on freemasonry that is one in a series of pocket essentials that I am working my way through at the moment and a binge on a Nordic detective drama Wisting. (Such dramas are not really recommended in that they oontain some unhelpful matter but I find the language barrier takes the sting out of most of it). I managed to get out of the house a bit too.

Godly Conversation


After a long, long break the Theological Reading Group that is under the umbrella of The Pastors Academy met under the chairmanship of Brad Franklin to look at the book Gdly conversation by Joanne J Jung. The book is a converted PhD thesis subitled rediscovering the Puritan practice of conference. Five of us gathered. It would have been nice to have more. We agreed that the book has some peculiarites, most due to the demands on PhD students but the basic point that conversation under God can be a means of grace was accepted and it would be good to do what can be done to promote that idea. We plan to meet again in January to look at Mex McConell's doorstopper The Least, The Last, and The Lost.

Lord's Day October 23 2022


Last Lord's Day there were a few away and hardly any children but we were supplemented by visiting friends both morning and evening (university friends and a minister and his wife). I preached from Luke again in the morning on the Pharisees and Experts in the Law and in the evening on Job 4 and 5. We had a nice afternoon with two ladies in the congregation, one making a flying visit from France where she is living this year.

10 People who would come to our front door when I was a child


People tend notto communicate by knocking people's doors these days but when I was a boy all sorts of people would call, including

  1. Milkman
  2. Baker (ours was called Ken)
  3. Insurance man (we were with the Pru')
  4. Rentman (although we began paying it in town early on)
  5. Betterware man (they sold brushes, etc)
  6. Pools coupon man (my dad was a keen participant)
  7. Avon lady (selling perfumes, cosmetis, etc)
  8. Newspaper boy (Sunday papers were paid for through him)
  9. Pop man (ie fizzy drinks from a lorry)
  10. JWs (we took the WatchTower and Awake regulalry, the latter is not bad in some ways)
(Evangelists would occassionally call, Gypsies selling heather and giving curses if they thought it appropriate, Bob a job from time to time from the Scouts, Penny for the Guy on occasion - no trick or treat though, Provident cheque lady (a job my mum did), Rag and bone man - he didnt actually call at the door but would shour from the street, etc)

MIdweek Meeting October 19 2022


We came to the end of our current studies in Philippians on Wednesday. It has been good to go through it again. The hakf term drift away has begun but we were till ten or so on zoom. It was good to hear our newest member lead well in prayer. Still on zoom.

10 Anti-war songs 1961-1973


There are hundreds of these. I heard Donavon singing Buffy Sainte-Marie's Universal Soldier the other day and that set me off.
  1. 1961 "Where Have All the Flowers Gone?" Pete Seeger
  2. 1964 "With God on Our Side" Bob Dylan
  3. 1964 "Universal Soldier" Buffy Sainte-Marie
  4. 1965 "Eve of Destruction" Barry McGuire
  5. 1966 "7 O'Clock News/Silent Night" Simon & Garfunkel
  6. 1969 "Fortunate Son" Creedence Clearwater Revival
  7. 1969 "Give Peace a Chance" Plastic Ono Band, John Lennon
  8. 1970 "War" Edwin Starr
  9. 1971 "Yours Is No Disgrace" Yes
  10. 1973 "Give Me Love (Give Me Peace on Earth)" George Harrison

Hugh Laurie et al

Not taken by me Beard shorter now


I try and get out walking from time to time. On my travels I often see former newsreader (etc) Martin Bell. From time to time I see Ricky Gervais and more recently have twice seen actor Hugh Laurie walking his black labrador. Former mayor Ken Livingstone continues to use the bus and I saw him the other day, now quite unrecognised by most.

Day Off Week 42 2022


Part of my latst day off went at the dentist and doing some banking I needed to get on with. The bulk of the day went on reading a book on Puritan conference which I hope to be discussing with others next week. I also popped into the new Chipotle that has recently opened inWest Hampstead.

10 sphincters in the human body


Sphincters are circular muscles that open and close passages in the body.
  1. Upper esophageal sphincter (UES)
  2. Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
  3. Pyloric sphincter (connects stomach and intestine)
  4. Sphincter of Oddi (at the exit of the bile duct and pancreatic duct into the duodenum)
  5. Ileocecal sphincter (situated at the junction of the ileum, at the end of the small intestine and the colon, at the beginning of the large intestine).
  6. Pupillary sphincters (eyes)
  7. orbicularis oculi (eyelids)
  8. Urethral sphincter
  9. Inrernal anal sphincter
  10. External anal sphincter