- Isaac Newton. Estimated IQ 190 to 200. A scientist - a physicist - ahead of his time. Although best known for his universal principles of gravity (which weren’t inspired by an apple falling in his head), the 17th-century thinker was also a mathematician, astronomer and writer, contributing to the principles of visible light and laws of motion. We also have Newton to thank for calculus, as he developed the techniques of integration and differentiation that are still used to this day.
- Leonardo da Vinci. Estimated IQ 180 to 220. Like others considered geniuses, he had a wide range of skills, excelling in everything from art and science to music and architecture. Although best known for his paintings, da Vinci’s scientific work spanned topics including aerodynamics, anatomy, botany, geology, hydrodynamics, optics and zoology. Fascinated by anything mechanical, he sketched plans for flying machines, tanks, combat devices and submarines - in the 15th century!
- William Shakespeare. Estimated IQ 210. He completed 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two narrative poems and a variety of other poems—several of which contain everyday phrases still in use. While Shakespeare’s contributions to the English language have lived on, none of his original manuscripts have survived. He easily could have faded into obscurity had it not been for the efforts of a group of actors who published a collection of 36 of his plays in 1623, in a book known as the First Folio.
- Blaise Pascal. Like others on such lists Frenchman Blaise was a philosopher and mathematician. WHen he was 3 in 1626, his mother died, leaving his father, Étienne (a lawyer and amateur mathematician) to run the household. Blaise was homeschooled using unconventional methods: most notably, mathematics being forbidden under 15 years of age. Naturally, 12-year-old Blaise (whose IQ was estimated between 180 and 195) wanted to rebel, so he secretly began to teach himself geometry. Eventually, Étienne gave in and gave Blaise permission to read a text by Euclid. As a teenager, Blaise accompanied his father to meetings of Parisian mathematicians and impressed them with his projective geometry theorems. When his father got a job as a tax collector, Blaise spent three years developing the first mechanical calculator to assist him.
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Estimated IQ 150-165. This is based on his incredible precocity, musical talent, memory and ability to compose complex works mentally, though some speculate it could be even higher. He demonstrated extraordinary intelligence through skills like playing music after one hearing, mastering multiple languages and describing acoustics without hearing them, indicating intelligence beyond typical IQ measures.
- Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Estimated IQ 165-175. His father was a vicar and headmaster of an elementary school. He had a total of 14 children with two wives. Coleridge was the youngest in the family and accompanied his father to school, where he was known for being a bright student and voracious reader. Following his father’s death in 1781, Coleridge, aged 9, began attending Christ’s Hospital School, London. With his sights set on following in his father’s footsteps as a clergyman, he enrolled in Jesus College, Cambridge in 1791, but during his first year, he discovered that his personal views did not align with those of the Church of England and dropped out. He spent the next four years planning a utopian community with a philosophy student he met while travelling. After befriending Wordsworth in 1795, he decided to take up poetry - eventually becoming a leader of the British Romantic Movement.
- Marie Curie. Estimated IQ 180-200.Not only was Maria Salomea Skłodowska-Curie the first woman to win the Nobel Prize but she was also the first person to win it twice. And in two different categories. Curie shared the 1903 prize for physics with her husband, Pierre, and another scientist for their “combined, though separate” work on radioactivity, and then was awarded the the prize for chemistry in 1911. Most of her work focused on radioactivity - including discovering radium and polonium and other contributions to the development of X-rays used during surgery. She put her technology to work in World War I, where she served on the front lines as the director of the Red Cross Radiological Service.
- Albert Einstein. Though someone whose name has become synonymous with “genius” Einstein’s estimated IQ is only around 160. Although IQ tests were readily available during his lifetime, the famous physicist never took one. Although it is unclear how, exactly, his IQ was estimated, his scientific contributions - including theories of space, time, mass, motion and gravitation - are well documented. While he’s best known for his theory of relativity, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in physics in 1921 for his work related to the photoelectric effect.
- Nikola Tesla. Estimated IQ 160-310. Tesla was born in 1856 in a region of the Austro-Hungarian Empire that is now part of modern-day Croatia. His father, Milutin, was a Serbian-Orthodox priest, while his mother, Đuka Mandić, was “an inventor of the first order,” per her son’s description, who created various household tools and devices, as well as innovations related to weaving. “I must trace to my mother’s influence whatever inventiveness I possess,” he wrote in 1919 in an article published in Electrical Experimenter magazine. After studying electrical engineering in Europe, Tesla moved to the USA in 1884. Though best known for inventing the first alternating current (AC) motor and developing AC generation and transmission technology, his numerous other inventions include the Tesla coil (used in radios and televisions), the Tesla turbine and shadowgraphs (a type of X-ray technology).
- Stephen Hawking. If theoretical physicist Hawking ever took an IQ test, he never revealed his score. In fact, when a reporter for the New York Times Magazine asked him about it in a 2004 interview, Hawking said that he had “no idea” what his score was and that “people who boast about their IQ are losers.” That hasn’t stopped people from trying to figure it out. The estimate is aroound 160. What really matters is that his scientific discoveries were (literally) out of this world, contributing to the basic laws governing the universe. Perhaps even more importantly, Hawking was committed to making his work accessible - something he did on countless television appearances and through his bestselling book A Brief History of Time.
